Oral Contraceptives The History of Birth Control Pills

The birth control pill was introduced to the public in the early 1960s. are synthetic hormones that mimic the way real estrogen and progestin works in a womans body. The pill prevents ovulation—no new eggs are released by a woman who is on the pill because the pill tricks her body into believing she is already pregnant. Early Contraception Methods Ancient Egyptian women are credited with attempting the first form of birth control using a mixture of cotton, dates, acacia, and honey in the form of a suppository. They were somewhat successful—later research shows that fermented acacia is actually a spermicide. Margaret Sanger Margaret Sanger was a lifelong advocate of womens rights and a champion of a womans  right to control conception. She was the first to use the term â€Å"birth control,† opened the country’s first birth control clinic in Brooklyn, New York, and initiated the American Birth Control League, which would eventually lead to Planned Parenthood. It had been discovered in the 1930s that hormones prevented ovulation in rabbits. In 1950, Sanger underwrote the research necessary to create the first human birth control pill using these research findings. In her eighties at the time, she raised $150,000 for the project, including $40,000 from biologist Katherine McCormick, also a women’s rights activist and the beneficiary of a sizable inheritance. Then Sanger met endocrinologist Gregory Pincus at a dinner party. She convinced Pincus to begin work on a birth control bill in 1951. He tested progesterone on rats first, with marked success. But he wasn’t alone in his efforts to devise an oral contraceptive. A gynecologist named John Rock had already started testing chemicals as contraceptives, and Frank Colton, a chief chemist at Searle, was in the process of creating a synthetic progesterone at the time. Carl Djerassi, a Jewish  chemist who fled Europe for the United States in 1930, created a pill from synthetic hormones derived from yams, but he didn’t have the funding to produce and distribute it. Clinical Trials By 1954, Pincus—working together with John Rock—was ready to test his contraceptive. He did so successfully in Massachusetts, then they moved on larger trials in Puerto Rico which were also  highly successful. FDA Approval The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Pincus’ pill in 1957, but only to treat certain menstrual disorders, not as a contraceptive. Approval as a contraceptive was finally granted in 1960. By 1962, 1.2 million U.S. women were reportedly taking the pill and this figure doubled by 1963, increasing to 6.5 million by 1965. Not all states were on board with the drug, however. Despite the FDAs approval, eight states outlawed the pill and Pope Paul VI took a public stand against it. By the late 1960s, serious side effects were beginning to come to light. Ultimately, Pincus’ original formula was taken off the market in the late 1980s and replaced with a less potent version that decreased some of the known health risks.

An Economic Event Intertwined With Credit Crunch - 951 Words

1.Introduction An economic event intertwined with credit crunch is the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis. In 2007, the subprime mortgage crisis dealt a huge economic blow to America and then had a great impact on the world economy. Although several actions, such as lowered the target for Federal funds rate and the discount rate, were taken, the crisis still had severe, long-lasting consequences, which makes the world economy still in a slow recovery so far. The credit crunch of 2007 was triggered by several factors. Analyzing the cause of credit crunch can help us reduce the probability of it and then prevent financial crisis in the future. This essay consists of three parts. At first, it will discuss some causes of the credit crunch of 2007.†¦show more content†¦****In the 1990s, shortage of financial capital and low-quality borrowers forced the banks to reduce the loan supply. The credit crunch of 2007 is more complicated than ever before. The first reason was that the acceleration of globalization involved more international investors, so the credit crunch had more global implications. And the other reason was that new ways of packaging and reselling assets had been introduced. Several factors should be taken into account when we trying to figure out what result in such a crisis. 2.2 The development of subprime mortgage market ****When discussing about the credit crunch of 2007, the United State subprime mortgage crisis is a good point to start with. The direct cause of this crisis was the bursting of the U.S. housing market bubble, but things can date back to about 2000. At the beginning of the 21st century, house prices in America started to experience an unprecedented rate of growth due to a low interest-rate environment. From 1997 - 2006, according to the Standard Poor’s / Case-Shiller national home-price index, the U.S. housing prices increased by 124%. There were a number of causes of this phenomena, such as the low Fed funds rate. Although other western countries also experienced the similar trends, for example, housing prices in the U.K. increased by 194%, while those

Social Responsibilities of an IT Professional

Question: Discuss about theSocial Responsibilities of an IT Professional. Answer: Introduction One of the most important professional is the computing professional. This is such a profession which involves a large number of tasks. Therefore, they can be involved in the eye opener for the society. The discussion will focus on the social impact of IT Professional on Technology and the business and performance practices. Thus, the role of an IT professional in the industry will be analyzed in different prospects. IT Expert An IT/Expert works in such a manner that the IT Industry works in a positive manner and does good tasks for the society. He/ She make sure that the technology which is being used by him is not harmful for the society. Therefore an IT Expert does the professional work in the society and gives the message of doing the right things. In addition to this, an IT Expert is someone who makes sure that there should be an effective social health and wellness among the society. Responsibility of an IT Professional: IT Professional gives a fruitful contributions which helps in the development of the weaker sections of the society to ensure that the IT Professional is largely responsible for the society around us. An IT Expert includes a number of societies such as the contribution towards the economic development of some of the backward regions and the weaker sections of the society. The IT Experts contribute to the different kind of welfare programs for the society including the working for the underprivileged children and to support the number of activities (Ali et al, 2010). These employees work hand in hand with the different NGOs and work for the healthcare and educations and the different campaigns for the skills and the community welfare and works for the campaigns such as the skill development and community welfare. Social Impact of Technology In addition to this, technology has also worked for providing social benefits to the people (Jin et al, 2010). For examples, there are a number of technologies which have been developed in the recent times for the people who are blind or visually impaired. These people can enjoy the information and can communicate easily because of the society. It has been correctly said by Christopher Murphy that one of the greatest ability of the disabled people is to ability to learn through the computers and modem to learn in such the world in which they can enjoy their life. A disabled person can have the use of the computer access and can do each and every thing. In addition to this, the governments have also had a great impact because of IT. The IT Industry has done a number of developments which has helped the government of different nations to strengthen their defense. Thus, IT industry has contributed to the society by strengthening the defense of the nation. There has been an advancement o f the technology related to the weapons. For examples, it would be impossible to create the designs of aero planes without advances in IT. Business and Professional Practice The different activities for the society are done by the IT professional in a completely professional manner. The IT employees are helping in the smooth operations of the number of social institutions. This has helped in improvement in the life of the number of people. In addition to this, IT industry has also been beneficial for the businesses in the world. The main aim of the IT Industry is to provide the commercial advantage. Some of the advancements include the creation of the computer aided design, some of the relational technologies related to the databases, creation of spreadsheets and the different kinds of word processing software which can be used for the purpose of commercial benefits for the society around us (MuthuriMatten, 2009). Thus, in addition to this, the number of automations isdone in the business processes are helpful for the growth of the businesses in the present times. In addition to this, because of the different kinds of hardware and the software mechanisms one can use and manipulate different kind of information so as to help in the growth of the business. The IT industry can also enable the business to highlight different areas where they can increase their overall business income through the help of different types of advertisements. Conclusion In the report, the discussion has been done on the social responsibility of the IT professionals. The IT professionals are one of the most important parts of the society. Therefore, it is important for the individuals to be involved in the IT industry. The report does the analysis of the different roles of the IT professional for the society. In addition to this, the social impact of technology has been studied. Further the study has been done to find out that how the IT professional plays the role in growth of different business in the society. It has been found that IT professional help in the growth of the processional practices within the society. References Chaudhri, V., Wang, J. (2007).Communicating corporate social responsibility on the internet a case study of the top 100 information technology companies in India.Management Communication Quarterly,21(2), 232-247. Ali, I., Rehman, K. U., Ali, S. I., Yousaf, J., Zia, M. (2010). Corporate social responsibility influences, employee commitment and organizational performance.African Journal of Business Management,4(13), 2796. Jin, K. G., Drozdenko, R. G. (2010). Relationships among perceived organizational core values, corporate social responsibility, ethics, and organizational performance outcomes: An empirical study of information technology professionals.Journal of Business Ethics,92(3), 341-359. Muthuri, J. N., Matten, D., Moon, J. (2009). Employee volunteering and social capital: Contributions to corporate social responsibility.British Journal of Management,20(1), 75-89.

Outline of Discussion Points an Example by

Outline of Discussion Points What key topics should be addressed in the presentation? For the presentation to be effective, key topics like definition and importance of the elements of the story should be addressed. The whole point of the presentation is to make the audience know and understand how these elements give life to a story. Therefore, these things should be given due emphasis on the presentation, itself. Need essay sample on "Outline of Discussion Points" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In what ways can the setting tell a story by itself? Setting, defined as the time and location in which a story takes place, can very much affect the story, itself. Setting can set the mood of the readers and can take them to the actual place and time of the story. The type of atmosphere a writer sets at the beginning of the story influences much the feelings of the readers. Even the narration of the social and weather conditions insinuates what is happening at a certain point or part of the story. What do you feel is the best element of a story? I think the best element of the story is its theme. Although I believe that the key elements of the story are all very important, the theme acts as the stimulus that makes the rest of the elements move. Since theme is the controlling idea or central insight of a story, it plays a very significant role in the delivery of the story, as a whole. Without it, the whole point of the story is gone. A storywriter writes a story mainly because he wants to convey a message to his readers. And this message is clearly manifested through a storys theme. Which elements do you feel are the most important to make the story whole? Among the many elements of the story, its five key elements, namely character, setting, plot, conflict, and theme, make the story whole. Characters give life to a story since they are the doers in it. Setting takes the readers to the actual time and place of the story. Plot sequences the events in a manner that readers could fully understand it. Conflict adds spice to it and gives a feeling of excitement to the readers. And theme directs the readers to what the story is all about. References Short Story Elements. 5 Important Elements of a Short Story. Retrieved November 22, 2007 Serrano, J.B., Lapid, M.G. (2004). English Communication Arts and Skills Through Filipino Literature. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.